<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">innjo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Innova</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2937</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/innova/2024.1/12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">innjo-561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности прогнозирования преэклампсии на современном уровне (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The possibilities of predicting of the preeclampsia on the modern level (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомов</surname><given-names>Сергей Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomov</surname><given-names>Sergey Petrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pakhomovsp@kursksmu.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головченко</surname><given-names>Олег Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovchenko</surname><given-names>Oleg Vasilyevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Группа клиник «Промедика»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Promedika Group of clinics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пахомов С.П., Головченко О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пахомов С.П., Головченко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pakhomov S.P., Golovchenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innova-journal.ru/jour/article/view/561">https://www.innova-journal.ru/jour/article/view/561</self-uri><abstract><p>Преэклампсия является одной из ведущих причин материнской смертности. Поэтому вопросы ранней диагностики, а главное индивидуального прогнозирования являются на сегодняшний день одной из самых актуальных задач практического акушерства. За последние годы предпринято множество попыток создания способов персонализированного подхода к прогнозу преэклампсии. Но до сегодняшнего дня проблема остается не решенной. В настоящей обзорной статье представлены наиболее значимые методики индивидуального прогноза преэклампсии на доклиническом этапе на основе генетических, иммунологических и биохимических маркеров</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal mortality. For this reason the issues of early diagnosis, and most importantly individual prediction are currently one of the most urgent aim for practical obstetrics. To the last years many ways has been attempted to creating methods of a personalized approach to the prognosis of the preeclampsia. However, until this day, the problem remains unresolved. This review article presents the most significant methods of individual prognosis of preeclampsia at the preclinical stage based on genetic, immunological and biochemical markers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осложнения беременности</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>индивидуальное прогнозирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy complications</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>individual prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борис Д.А., Кан Н.Е., Тютюнник В.Л., Ховхаева П.А. Патогенетические аспекты преэклампсии. // Акушерство и Гинекология 2015 № 12 с. 11-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Борис Д.А., Кан Н.Е., Тютюнник В.Л., Ховхаева П.А. Патогенетические аспекты преэклампсии. // Акушерство и Гинекология 2015 № 12 с. 11-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кан Н.Е., Беднягин Л.А., Долгушина Н.В., Тютюнник В.Л., Ховхаева П.А., Сергунина О.А., Тютюнник Н.В., Амирасланов Э.Ю. Клинико-анамнестические факторы риска развития преэклампсии у беременных. // Акушерство и Гинекология 2016 №6 с.39-44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кан Н.Е., Беднягин Л.А., Долгушина Н.В., Тютюнник В.Л., Ховхаева П.А., Сергунина О.А., Тютюнник Н.В., Амирасланов Э.Ю. Клинико-анамнестические факторы риска развития преэклампсии у беременных. // Акушерство и Гинекология 2016 №6 с.39-44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров О.В., Волкова Е.В., Джохадзе Л.С. Клинические аспекты преэклампсии // Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога - 2011, - № 4, - с. 29-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров О.В., Волкова Е.В., Джохадзе Л.С. Клинические аспекты преэклампсии // Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога - 2011, - № 4, - с. 29-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преэклампсия. Эклампсия. Отеки, протеинурия и гипертензивные расстройства во время беременности, в родах и послеродовом периоде. Клинические рекомендации. Москва. 2021 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Преэклампсия. Эклампсия. Отеки, протеинурия и гипертензивные расстройства во время беременности, в родах и послеродовом периоде. Клинические рекомендации. Москва. 2021 г.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серов В.Н., Нестерова Л.А. Особенности современного акушерства. // Акушерство и Гинекология. 2022, -№ 3, -с. 5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Серов В.Н., Нестерова Л.А. Особенности современного акушерства. // Акушерство и Гинекология. 2022, -№ 3, -с. 5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорова И.С., Никитина Н.А. Преэклампсия как гестационный иммунокомплексный комплементопосредованный эндотелиоз. //Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. - 2019, Т. 19, - №1, -с. 5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сидорова И.С., Никитина Н.А. Преэклампсия как гестационный иммунокомплексный комплементопосредованный эндотелиоз. //Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. - 2019, Т. 19, - №1, -с. 5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухих Г.Т., Вихляева Е.М., Ванько Л.В. и др. Эндотелиальная дисфункция в генезе перинатальной патологии // Акуш. и гин. ‒ 2008. ‒ № 5. ‒ С. 3‒7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сухих Г.Т., Вихляева Е.М., Ванько Л.В. и др. Эндотелиальная дисфункция в генезе перинатальной патологии // Акуш. и гин. ‒ 2008. ‒ № 5. ‒ С. 3‒7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимохина Е.В., Стрижаков А.Н., Белоцерковцева Л.Д., Федюнина И.А., Зинин В.Н., Песегова С.В. Новые маркеры раннего прогнозирования преэклампсии. // Акушерство и Гинекология. 2022, -№ 6, - с. 50-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тимохина Е.В., Стрижаков А.Н., Белоцерковцева Л.Д., Федюнина И.А., Зинин В.Н., Песегова С.В. Новые маркеры раннего прогнозирования преэклампсии. // Акушерство и Гинекология. 2022, -№ 6, - с. 50-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ходжаева З.С., Шмаков Р.Г., Коган Е.А.. Щеголев А.И., Клименченко Н.И., Акатьева А.С., Вавина О.В., Воднева Д.Н., Романова В.В., Сухих Г.Т. Клинико-анамнестические особенности, плацента и плацентарная площадка при ранней и поздней преэклампсии. Aкушерство и гинекология. 2015; 4: 25-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ходжаева З.С., Шмаков Р.Г., Коган Е.А.. Щеголев А.И., Клименченко Н.И., Акатьева А.С., Вавина О.В., Воднева Д.Н., Романова В.В., Сухих Г.Т. Клинико-анамнестические особенности, плацента и плацентарная площадка при ранней и поздней преэклампсии. Aкушерство и гинекология. 2015; 4: 25-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелехин А.П., Баев О.Р., Красный А.М. Сравнение течения и исходов беременностей, осложненных гипертензивными расстройствами. //Акушерство и гинекология. 2023; 1: 41-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шелехин А.П., Баев О.Р., Красный А.М. Сравнение течения и исходов беременностей, осложненных гипертензивными расстройствами. //Акушерство и гинекология. 2023; 1: 41-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шифман Е.М. Преэклампсия, эклампсия, HELLP-синдром. – Петрозаводск: «ИнтелТек», 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шифман Е.М. Преэклампсия, эклампсия, HELLP-синдром. – Петрозаводск: «ИнтелТек», 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akolekar R., Minekawa R., Veduta A. et al. Maternal plasma inhibin A at 11-13 weeks of gestation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy // Prenat. Diagn. – 2009. – Vol. 29, № 8. – P. 753‒760</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akolekar R., Minekawa R., Veduta A. et al. Maternal plasma inhibin A at 11-13 weeks of gestation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy // Prenat. Diagn. – 2009. – Vol. 29, № 8. – P. 753‒760</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banzola I., Farina A., Concu M. et al. Performance of a panel of maternal serum markers in predicting preeclampsia at 11—15 weeks’ gestation. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27: 1005—1010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banzola I., Farina A., Concu M. et al. Performance of a panel of maternal serum markers in predicting preeclampsia at 11—15 weeks’ gestation. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27: 1005—1010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burton G.J., Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2011; 25(3): 287-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burton G.J., Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2011; 25(3): 287-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chafetz I., Kuhnreich I., Sammar M. et al. First-trimester placental protein 13 screening for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2007. – Vol. 197. – P. 35–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chafetz I., Kuhnreich I., Sammar M. et al. First-trimester placental protein 13 screening for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2007. – Vol. 197. – P. 35–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chavarria M.E., Lara-Gonzalez L., Garcia-Paleta Y. et al. Adhesion molecules changes at 20 gestation weeks in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 137: 157—164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chavarria M.E., Lara-Gonzalez L., Garcia-Paleta Y. et al. Adhesion molecules changes at 20 gestation weeks in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 137: 157—164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chavarría M.E., Lara-González L., González-Gleason A. et al. Prostacyclin/thromboxane early changes in pregnancies that are complicated by preeclampsia // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2003. – Vol. 188, № 4. – P. 986‒992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chavarría M.E., Lara-González L., González-Gleason A. et al. Prostacyclin/thromboxane early changes in pregnancies that are complicated by preeclampsia // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2003. – Vol. 188, № 4. – P. 986‒992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chien P.F., Arnott N., Gordon A. et al. How useful is uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry in the prediction of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal death? An overview // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 2000. ‒ Vol. 107. ‒ P. 196‒208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chien P.F., Arnott N., Gordon A. et al. How useful is uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry in the prediction of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal death? An overview // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 2000. ‒ Vol. 107. ‒ P. 196‒208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cnossen J.S., de Ruyter-Hanhijärvi H., van der Post J.A. et al. Accuracy of serum uric acid determination in predicting pre-eclampsia: a systematic review // Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. ‒ 2006. ‒ Vol. 85, № 5. ‒ P. 519‒525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cnossen J.S., de Ruyter-Hanhijärvi H., van der Post J.A. et al. Accuracy of serum uric acid determination in predicting pre-eclampsia: a systematic review // Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. ‒ 2006. ‒ Vol. 85, № 5. ‒ P. 519‒525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cnossen J.S., Vollebregt K.C., de Vrieze N. et al. Accuracy of mean arterial pressure and blood pressure measurements in predicting pre-eclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis// Br. Med. J. ‒ 2008. ‒ Vol. 336. ‒ P. 1117‒1120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cnossen J.S., Vollebregt K.C., de Vrieze N. et al. Accuracy of mean arterial pressure and blood pressure measurements in predicting pre-eclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis// Br. Med. J. ‒ 2008. ‒ Vol. 336. ‒ P. 1117‒1120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conde-Agudelo A., Romero R., Lindheimer M.D. Tests to predict preeclampsia in chesley’s hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. – 3-rd. ed. – New York: Academic Press, 2009. – P. 189‒211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conde-Agudelo A., Romero R., Lindheimer M.D. Tests to predict preeclampsia in chesley’s hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. – 3-rd. ed. – New York: Academic Press, 2009. – P. 189‒211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diesch C.H., Holzgreve W., Hahn S., Zhong X.Y. Comparison of activin A and cell-free fetal DNA levels in maternal plasma from patients at high risk for preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26: 1267—1270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diesch C.H., Holzgreve W., Hahn S., Zhong X.Y. Comparison of activin A and cell-free fetal DNA levels in maternal plasma from patients at high risk for preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26: 1267—1270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C. et al. Quad screen as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome // Obstet. and Gynecol. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 106, № 2. ‒ P. 260‒267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C. et al. Quad screen as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome // Obstet. and Gynecol. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 106, № 2. ‒ P. 260‒267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C., Malone F.D. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial) // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2004. – Vol. 191. – P. 1446–1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C., Malone F.D. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial) // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2004. – Vol. 191. – P. 1446–1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erez O., Romero R., Espinoza J. et al. The change in concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal plasma between the first and second trimesters in risk assessment for the subsequent development of preeclampsia and small-forgestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21: 279—287</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erez O., Romero R., Espinoza J. et al. The change in concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal plasma between the first and second trimesters in risk assessment for the subsequent development of preeclampsia and small-forgestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21: 279—287</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genest D.S., Falcao S., Gutkowska J., Lavoie J.L. Impact of exercise training on preeclampsia: potential preventive mechanisms. Hypertension. 2012; 60(5): 1104-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genest D.S., Falcao S., Gutkowska J., Lavoie J.L. Impact of exercise training on preeclampsia: potential preventive mechanisms. Hypertension. 2012; 60(5): 1104-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonen R., Shahar R., Grimpel Y.I. et al. Placental protein 13 as an early marker for pre-eclampsia: a prospective longitudinal study // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. – 2008. – Vol. 115. – P. 1465–1472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonen R., Shahar R., Grimpel Y.I. et al. Placental protein 13 as an early marker for pre-eclampsia: a prospective longitudinal study // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. – 2008. – Vol. 115. – P. 1465–1472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansson S.R., Nääv Å., Erlandsson L. Oxidative stress in preeclampsia and the role of free fetal hemoglobin. Front. Physiol. 2015; 5: 516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansson S.R., Nääv Å., Erlandsson L. Oxidative stress in preeclampsia and the role of free fetal hemoglobin. Front. Physiol. 2015; 5: 516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haram K., Svendsen E., Abildgaard U. The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009; 9: 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haram K., Svendsen E., Abildgaard U. The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009; 9: 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter A., Aitkenhead M., Caldwell C. et al. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy // Hypertension. ‒ 2000. ‒ Vol. 36, № 6. ‒ P. 965‒969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter A., Aitkenhead M., Caldwell C. et al. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy // Hypertension. ‒ 2000. ‒ Vol. 36, № 6. ‒ P. 965‒969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ives C.W., Sinkey R., Rajapreyar I., Tita A.T.N., Oparil S. Preeclampsia-pathophysiology and clinical presentations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2020; 76(14): 1690-702. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ives C.W., Sinkey R., Rajapreyar I., Tita A.T.N., Oparil S. Preeclampsia-pathophysiology and clinical presentations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2020; 76(14): 1690-702. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang J.H., Farina A., Park J.H. et al. Down syndrome biochemical markers and screening for preeclampsia at first and second trimester: correlation with the week of onset and the severity // Prenat. Diagn. – 2008. – Vol. 28. – P. 704–709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang J.H., Farina A., Park J.H. et al. Down syndrome biochemical markers and screening for preeclampsia at first and second trimester: correlation with the week of onset and the severity // Prenat. Diagn. – 2008. – Vol. 28. – P. 704–709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khong Y., Brosens I. Defective deep placentation. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2010; 25(3): 301-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khong Y., Brosens I. Defective deep placentation. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2010; 25(3): 301-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyle P.M., Campbell S., Buckley D. et al. A comparison of the inactive urinary kallikrein: creatinine ratio and the angiotensin sensitivity test for the prediction of preeclampsia // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 103. ‒ P. 981–987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyle P.M., Campbell S., Buckley D. et al. A comparison of the inactive urinary kallikrein: creatinine ratio and the angiotensin sensitivity test for the prediction of preeclampsia // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 103. ‒ P. 981–987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam C., Lim K.H., Karumanchi S.A. et al. Circulating angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis and prediction of preeclampsia //Hypertension. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 46. ‒ P. 1077–1085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam C., Lim K.H., Karumanchi S.A. et al. Circulating angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis and prediction of preeclampsia //Hypertension. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 46. ‒ P. 1077–1085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lara González A.L., Martínez Jaimes A., Romero Arauz J.F. et al. Microalbuminuria: early prognostic factor of preeclampsia? // Ginecol. Obstet. Mex. ‒ 2003. ‒ Vol. 71. ‒ P. 82–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lara González A.L., Martínez Jaimes A., Romero Arauz J.F. et al. Microalbuminuria: early prognostic factor of preeclampsia? // Ginecol. Obstet. Mex. ‒ 2003. ‒ Vol. 71. ‒ P. 82–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeflang M.M., Cnossen J.S., van der Post J.A. et al. Accuracy of fibronectin tests for the prediction of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review // Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. ‒ 2007. ‒ Vol. 133, № 1. ‒ P. 12–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeflang M.M., Cnossen J.S., van der Post J.A. et al. Accuracy of fibronectin tests for the prediction of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review // Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. ‒ 2007. ‒ Vol. 133, № 1. ‒ P. 12–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine R.J., Qian C., LeShane E.S. et al. Two-stage elevation of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal sera before onset of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynec 2004; 190: 707—713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine R.J., Qian C., LeShane E.S. et al. Two-stage elevation of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal sera before onset of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynec 2004; 190: 707—713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lisonkova S., Joseph K.S. Incidence of preeclampsia: risk factors and outcomes associated with early-versus late-onset disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 209(6): 544. e1-544. e12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisonkova S., Joseph K.S. Incidence of preeclampsia: risk factors and outcomes associated with early-versus late-onset disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 209(6): 544. e1-544. e12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lo Y.M., Corbetta N., Chamberlain P.F. et al. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet 1997; 350: 485—487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lo Y.M., Corbetta N., Chamberlain P.F. et al. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet 1997; 350: 485—487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayeur S., Lancel S., Theys N., Lukaszewski M.A., Duban-Deweer S., Bastide B. et al. Maternal calorie restriction modulates placental mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic efficiency: putative involvement in fetoplacental growth defects in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013; 304(1): Е14-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayeur S., Lancel S., Theys N., Lukaszewski M.A., Duban-Deweer S., Bastide B. et al. Maternal calorie restriction modulates placental mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic efficiency: putative involvement in fetoplacental growth defects in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013; 304(1): Е14-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melamed N., Baschat A., Yinon Y., Athanasiadis A., Mecacci F., Figueras F. et al. FIGO (international Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) initiative on fetal growth: best practice advice for screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal growth restriction. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2021; 152(Suppl. 1): 3-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melamed N., Baschat A., Yinon Y., Athanasiadis A., Mecacci F., Figueras F. et al. FIGO (international Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) initiative on fetal growth: best practice advice for screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal growth restriction. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2021; 152(Suppl. 1): 3-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mignini L.E., Latthe P.M., Villar J. et al. Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine // Obstet. and Gynecol. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 105. ‒ P. 411–425</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mignini L.E., Latthe P.M., Villar J. et al. Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the role of homocysteine // Obstet. and Gynecol. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 105. ‒ P. 411–425</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millar J.G., Campbell S.K., Albano J.D. et al. Early prediction of pre-eclampsia by measurement of kallikrein and creatinine on a random urine sample // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 103. ‒ P. 421‒426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millar J.G., Campbell S.K., Albano J.D. et al. Early prediction of pre-eclampsia by measurement of kallikrein and creatinine on a random urine sample // Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 103. ‒ P. 421‒426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NICE Clinical guideline CG107: Hypertension in Pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Surveillance proposal GE document, 2015. 71 p. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg107/resources/cg107-hypertension-in-pregnancy-surveillance-review-decision-march-20153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NICE Clinical guideline CG107: Hypertension in Pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Surveillance proposal GE document, 2015. 71 p. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg107/resources/cg107-hypertension-in-pregnancy-surveillance-review-decision-march-20153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opichka M.A., Rappelt M.W., Gutterman D.D., Grobe J.L., McIntosh J.J. Review vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Cells. 2021; 10(11): 3055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opichka M.A., Rappelt M.W., Gutterman D.D., Grobe J.L., McIntosh J.J. Review vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Cells. 2021; 10(11): 3055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parra-Cordero M., Turan O.M., Kaur A. et al. Maternal serum soluble adhesion molecule levels at 11+0-13+6 weeks and subsequent development of pre-eclampsia // J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. ‒ 2007. – Vol. 20. – P. 793–796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parra-Cordero M., Turan O.M., Kaur A. et al. Maternal serum soluble adhesion molecule levels at 11+0-13+6 weeks and subsequent development of pre-eclampsia // J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. ‒ 2007. – Vol. 20. – P. 793–796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poston L., Igosheva N., Mistry H.D., Seed P.T., Shennan A.H., Rana S. et al. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation in pregnancy disorders. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011; 94(6, Suppl.): 1980S-5S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poston L., Igosheva N., Mistry H.D., Seed P.T., Shennan A.H., Rana S. et al. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation in pregnancy disorders. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011; 94(6, Suppl.): 1980S-5S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana S., Karumanchi S.A., Levine R.J. et al. Sequential changes in antiangiogenic factors in early pregnancy and risk of developing pr eeclampsia. Hypertension 2007; 50: 137—142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana S., Karumanchi S.A., Levine R.J. et al. Sequential changes in antiangiogenic factors in early pregnancy and risk of developing pr eeclampsia. Hypertension 2007; 50: 137—142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts J.M., Pearson G., Cutler J. et al. Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy // Hypertension. ‒ 2003. ‒ Vol. 41. ‒ P. 437‒445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts J.M., Pearson G., Cutler J. et al. Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy // Hypertension. ‒ 2003. ‒ Vol. 41. ‒ P. 437‒445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodie V.A., Freeman D.J., Sattar N. et al. Pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease: metabolic syndrome of pregnancy // Atherosclerosis. ‒ 2004. ‒ Vol. 175, № 2. ‒ P. 189‒202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodie V.A., Freeman D.J., Sattar N. et al. Pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease: metabolic syndrome of pregnancy // Atherosclerosis. ‒ 2004. ‒ Vol. 175, № 2. ‒ P. 189‒202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romero R., Kusanovic J.P., Than N.G. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PP13 in the risk assessment for preeclampsia // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2008. – Vol. 199. – P. 122. e1–122.e11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romero R., Kusanovic J.P., Than N.G. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PP13 in the risk assessment for preeclampsia // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. – 2008. – Vol. 199. – P. 122. e1–122.e11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sayin N.C., Canda M.T., Ahmet N. et al. The association of triple-marker test results with adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-risk pregnancies with healthy newborns // Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. – 2008. – Vol. 277. – P. 47–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sayin N.C., Canda M.T., Ahmet N. et al. The association of triple-marker test results with adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-risk pregnancies with healthy newborns // Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. – 2008. – Vol. 277. – P. 47–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaarawy M., Salem M.E. The clinical value of microtransferrinuria and microalbuminuria in the prediction of preeclampsia // Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 39, № 1. – P. 29‒34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaarawy M., Salem M.E. The clinical value of microtransferrinuria and microalbuminuria in the prediction of preeclampsia // Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 39, № 1. – P. 29‒34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spencer K., Yu C.K.H., Cowans N.J. et al. Prediction of pregnancy complications by first-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free hCG and with second-trimester uterine artery Doppler // Prenat. Diagn. – 2005. – Vol. 25. – P. 949–953</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spencer K., Yu C.K.H., Cowans N.J. et al. Prediction of pregnancy complications by first-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free hCG and with second-trimester uterine artery Doppler // Prenat. Diagn. – 2005. – Vol. 25. – P. 949–953</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
